Noção de família(s) no campo da saúde brasileira: ensaio teórico-reflexivo / Concepto de familia en el campo de la salud brasileña: ensayo teórico-reflexivo / The family concept in the field of Brazilian health: a theoretical and reflective essay

RESUMO Objetivo discutir o termo família no campo da saúde brasileira por meio: 1) do resgaste histórico do conceito e configuração da família no Brasil; 2) da recapitulação e problematização do termo na saúde brasileira; 3) da discussão na Política Nacional de Atenção Básica. Método trata-se de um estudo teórico-reflexivo. Resultado o texto foi dividido em: "Resgate histórico das transformações familiares no Brasil", "Primeira Unidade Básica de Saúde: a família" e "Política Nacional de Atenção Básica: de que família estamos falando?", que auxiliaram na argumentação sobre a problemática da (não)definição do termo família. Em meio a preocupação sobre alocar o cuidado voltado para a família, torna-se necessário repensar esse termo polissêmico, propondo a desnaturalização de definições cristalizadas que podem emergir na práxis dos profissionais, o que pode produzir atuações baseadas em (pré-)conceitos e negligências a famílias não hegemônicas. Considerações finais e implicações para a prática é necessário discutir sobre qual concepção de família é considerada no campo da saúde e suas repercussões, principalmente na Atenção Primária à Saúde e em políticas de saúde, como na Política Nacional de Atenção Básica, para minimizar possíveis dificuldades que possam surgir no fazer dos profissionais ao se deparar com a pluralidade das realidades familiares.

RESUMEN Objetivo discutir el término familia en el campo de la salud brasileña a través de: 1) la revisión histórica del concepto y configuración de la familia en Brasil; 2) por la recapitulación y problematización del término en la salud brasileña; 3) para la discusión en la Política Nacional de Atención Primaria. Método es un estudio teórico-reflexivo. Resultado el texto se dividió en: "Rescate histórico de las transformaciones familiares en Brasil", "Primera unidad básica de salud: la familia" y "Política Nacional de Atención Primaria: ¿de qué familia estamos hablando?", Que ayudó en la argumentación sobre el problema de la (no) definición del término familia. En medio de la preocupación por la asignación de cuidados orientados a la familia, se hace necesario repensar este término polisémico, proponer la desnaturalización de definiciones cristalizadas que pueden surgir en la praxis de los profesionales, que pueden producir acciones basadas en (pre) conceptos y negligencia de familias no hegemónicas. Consideraciones finales e implicaciones para la práctica es necesario discutir qué concepción de familia se considera en el campo de la salud y sus repercusiones, principalmente en la atención primaria de salud y en las políticas de salud, como la Política Nacional de Atención Primaria, para minimizar las posibles dificultades que puedan surgir en la actuación de los profesionales ante la pluralidad de realidades familiares.

ABSTRACT Objective to discuss the term family in the field of Brazilian health through: 1) the historical review of the concept and family arrangement in Brazil; 2) the recapitulation and problematization of the term in Brazilian health; 3) the discussion in the Brazilian National Primary Care Policy. Method this is a theoretical-reflective study. Results the text was divided into: "Historical rescue of family transformations in Brazil", "First Basic Health Unit: the family" and "Brazilian National Primary Care Policy: which family are we talking about?", which helped in the argument about the problem of (non)definition of family. Amidst the concern about allocating family-oriented care, it becomes necessary to rethink this polysemic term, proposing the denaturalization of crystallized definitions that can emerge in professionals' work, which can produce actions based on (pre-)concepts and negligence to non-hegemonic families. Final considerations and implications for practice it is necessary to discuss which conception of family is considered in the field of health and its repercussions, especially in Primary Health Care and in health policies, as in the Brazilian National Primary Care Policy, to minimize possible difficulties that may arise in professionals' actions when faced with the plurality of family realities.

Sposàrsi a Franca: tendências da nupcialidade entre imigrantes italianos no interior paulista, 1885-1930 / Sposàrsi a Franca: nuptial trends among Italian immigrants in the interior of São Paulo, 1885-1930 / Sposàrsi a Franca: tendencias de la nupcialidad entre inmigrantes italianos en el interior de São Paulo, 1885-1930

Em consonância com os estudos em Demografia Histórica e História da Família, este artigo visa a resgatar aspectos relativos à nupcialidade vivenciada pelos italianos e seus descendentes no município de Franca, interior do estado de São Paulo. A reflexão é corroborada pela historiografia recente que aponta a expansão da economia cafeeira no interior paulista como responsável por alterações no panorama demográfico por meio da atração de uma imigração internacional em massa, cujos impactos foram sentidos em diferentes espaços de ação, na família, nas relações matrimoniais, na etnicidade e integração desses grupos na sociedade brasileira entre o final do século XIX e as primeiras décadas do século XX. Combinando metodologias seriais e de microanálise para explorar os dados disponíveis nos registros de matrícula da Hospedaria de Imigrantes de São Paulo e assentos de casamento do Registro Paroquial do Arquivo da Cúria Diocesana de Franca (1885-1930), abre-se caminho para enriquecer o universo de interpretações sobre a nupcialidade nos municípios atingidos pela imigração internacional de italianos. Esse artigo examina os impactos das variáveis imigratórias nos padrões de casamento dos italianos no município e resgata aspectos da endogamia desse grupo, favorecida pelos respectivos contextos e bagagens culturais que conduziram o processo imigratório por eles vivenciado.

In line with studies in Demographic History and Family History, this article aims to rescue aspects related to nuptiality experienced by Italians and their descendants in the municipality of Franca, in the interior of the state of São Paulo. The reflection is corroborated by recent historiography research pointing to the expansion of the coffee-based economy in the interior of São Paulo as responsible for demographic changes through the attraction of mass international immigration. This affected different areas, including family, matrimonial relations, ethnicity and integration of these groups in Brazilian society at the turn of the 20th century. A combination of serial and microanalysis methodologies to explore the data available in the registration records of the São Paulo Immigrant Inn and wedding seats in the Parish Records of the Diocesan Archive of Franca (1885-1930), paves the way to expand the universe of interpretations on nuptiality in municipalities affected by Italian immigration. This article examines the impacts of immigration variables on Italians' marriage patterns in the municipality and retrieves aspects of this groups' inbreeding, favored by the respective cultural contexts and backgrounds that led to the immigration process they experienced.

En línea con los estudios en Demografía histórica e Historia familiar, este artículo tiene como objetivo rescatar aspectos relacionados con la nupcialidad vivida por los italianos y sus descendientes en el municipio de Franca, en el interior del estado de San Pablo. La reflexión es corroborada por la historiografía reciente, que apunta a la expansión de la economía cafetera en el interior del estado como responsable de cambios en el panorama demográfico mediante la atracción de la inmigración internacional masiva, cuyos impactos se sintieron en diferentes espacios de acción, en la familia, en las relaciones matrimoniales, en la etnicidad y en la integración de estos grupos en la sociedad brasileña entre fines del siglo XIX y las primeras décadas del XX. Al combinar metodologías seriadas y de microanálisis para explorar los datos disponibles en los registros de la Posada de Inmigrantes de San Pablo y en los asientos de boda del Registro Parroquial del Archivo de la Curia Diocesana de Franca (1885-1930) se abre el camino para enriquecer el universo de interpretaciones sobre nupcialidad en los municipios afectados por la inmigración internacional de italianos. Este artículo examina los impactos de las variables de inmigración en los patrones matrimoniales de los italianos en el municipio y recupera aspectos de la endogamia de este grupo, favorecida por los respectivos contextos culturales y antecedentes que llevaron al proceso de inmigración que vivieron.

Prevalência e fatores associados ao excesso de peso corporal em adolescentes / Prevalencia y factores asociados al exceso de peso corporal en adolescentes / Prevalence and factors associated with excess body weight in adolescents

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a prevalência de excesso de peso corporal em adolescentes e fatores associados. Métodos Estudo transversal conduzido com 635 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 10 e 16 anos, em escolas públicas estaduais. A coleta de dados foi realizada no segundo semestre de 2016 por uma equipe multidisciplinar. Coletou-se dados demográficos, da história familiar, desenvolvimento púbere e hábitos comportamentais. Foi feita a classificação dos adolescentes, conforme o estado nutricional. Utilizou-se a análise bivariada e a regressão múltipla hierarquizada de Poisson, o que possibilitou verificar a associação do excesso de peso corporal com as demais variáveis, bem como a razão de prevalência entre elas. Resultados A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 32,8% dos adolescentes, associada a história familiar de dislipidemia (p=0,003; RP=1,474; IC95%= 1,139-1,907) e a ingestão de álcool (p=0,044; RP=1,430; IC95%= 1,009-2,028). As demais variáveis neste estudo não foram associadas ao EPC. Conclusão Verificou-se altas prevalências de excesso de peso corporal entres os adolescentes, associadas à história familiar de dislipidemia e ingestão de álcool.

Resumen Objetivo analizar la prevalencia del exceso de peso corporal en adolescentes y factores asociados. Métodos estudio transversal realizado con 635 adolescentes de ambos sexos, entre 10 y 16 años de edad, en escuelas públicas provinciales/departamentales. La recolección de datos fue realizada en el segundo semestre de 2016 por un equipo multidisciplinario. Se recolectaron datos demográficos, antecedentes familiares, desarrollo de la pubertad y hábitos de comportamiento. Los adolescentes fueron clasificados según su estado nutricional. Se utilizó el análisis bivariado y la regresión múltiple jerárquica de Poisson, lo que posibilitó verificar la asociación del exceso de peso corporal con las demás variables, así como el motivo de prevalencia. Resultados se observó la prevalencia del exceso de peso en el 32,8% de los adolescentes, asociada a los antecedentes familiares de dislipidemia (p=0,003; RP=1,474; IC95%= 1,139-1,907) y a la ingesta de alcohol (p=0,044; RP=1,430; IC95%= 1,009-2,028). Las demás variables de este estudio no fueron asociadas al EPC. Conclusión se verificó una alta prevalencia de exceso de peso corporal entre los adolescentes, relacionada con antecedentes familiares de dislipidemia e ingesta de alcohol.

Abstract Objective Analyze the prevalence of excess body weight in adolescents and associated factors. Methods Cross-sectional study involving 635 adolescents, male and female, between 10 and 16 years of age, in state-owned public schools. A multidisciplinary team collected the data in the second semester of 2016. Data on demographics, family history, pubertal development and behavioral habits were collected. The adolescents were classified by their nutritional status. Bivariate analysis and Poisson hierarchical multiple regression were applied, which revealed the association and the prevalence ratio between excess body weight and the other variables. Results The prevalence of excess weight was 32.8% of the adolescents, associated with a family history of dyslipidemia (p=0.003; PR=1.474; 95%CI=1.139-1.907) and alcohol consumption (p=0.044; PR=1.430; 95%CI= 1.009-2.028). The remaining variables in this research were not associated with excess body weight. Conclusion High prevalence rates of excess body weight were found among the adolescents, associated with a family history of dyslipidemia and alcohol consumption.

Trayectoria de vida familiar y estilos de vida: hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus II / Family life cycle and lifestyles: arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus II

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar la influencia de la trayectoria de vida familiar en la apropiación de estilos de vida de personas diagnosticadas con hipertensión arterial o diabetes mellitus II en la ciudad de Cali. Materiales y Métodos Estudio cualitativo-exploratorio-comparativo, inscrito en el campo de la sociología médica. Se aplicó la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados La trayectoria de vida familiar es un proceso dinámico y cambiante que abarca el origen del ciclo de vida hasta el momento actual. Incluye los comportamientos, las prácticas, los gustos, las percepciones de los sujetos y las relaciones de interacción. Este proceso se posibilita como resultado de la interacción de los sujetos con el contexto social que influencia su actuar. Conclusiones Los estilos de vida no son "simples o sencillas" prácticas individuales que configuran una determinada manera de vivir, sino construcciones sociales complejas y dinámicas que han sido permeadas por la relación de interacción, especialmente la familia ha hecho un aporte importante en este proceso. La manera en que los sujetos viven su proceso salud-enfermedad está influenciada por sus formar actuar, que permite un desenvolvimiento social configurado por su trayectoria vital, afectada por la clase social a la que pertenecen. Esta configuración marca una impronta para comprender la razón por la cual les ha sido posible o no aprehender las prácticas e instrucciones dadas en los programas de control de hipertensión arterial y diabetes a los que están inscritos.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the influence of the family life trajectory on the appropriation of lifestyles of people diagnosed with arterial hypertension or diabetes mellitus II in Cali, Colombia. Materials and Methods Qualitative, exploratory and comparative study in the field of medical sociology. A semi-structured interview was applied. Results The family life cycle is a dynamic and changing process that encompasses the origin of the life cycle up to the present moment. It involves behaviors, practices, interests, perceptions and interaction relations. This process is possible because of the interaction of the subjects with the social context that influences their actions. Conclusions Lifestyles are not "simple" individual practices that shape a certain way of living, but complex and dynamic social constructs that are permeated by interaction, particularly, family relationships, which make an important contribution to this process. The way in which subjects live their health-disease process is influenced by their behavior, which allows social development based on life cycles, and affected by the social class to which they belong. This configuration serves as the basis to understand the reasons why apprehending or not the practices and instructions given in hypertension and diabetes control programs is possible.(AU)

Transformações dos laços vinculares na família: uma perspectiva psicanalítica / Transformations of bond ties in family: a psychoanalytic perspective

Este artigo tem como objetivo destacar as principais transformações da estrutura familiar na cultura ocidental moderna, pontuando mudanças históricas relevantes desde a época pré-moderna até a contemporaneidade. Aborda-se os laços vinculares na sociedade contemporânea, demonstrando suas relações com as principais reconfigurações ocorridas na estrutura familiar, utilizando-se da teoria psicanalítica como base para esse entendimento, objetivando refletir sobre as implicações para a clínica psicológica. Conclui-se que os sistemas simbólicos variam de uma cultura para outra, não sendo a proximidade genealógica, ou a consanguinidade, que determinam a qualidade dos vínculos, mas o lugar que o indivíduo ocupa no imaginário, e na circulação do desejo de quem o acolhe no mundo. Assim, o modelo de família tradicional pode estar sofrendo mudanças no sentido de novas configurações vinculares e cada individuo poderá adaptar-se e reinventar-se.(AU)

This article aims to highlight the major changes in the family structure in modern Western culture, analyzing relevant historical changes since the pre-modern era to contemporary times. It approaches the bond ties in contemporary society, demonstrating its relations with major reconfigurations in family structure, using the psychoanalytic theory as a basis for this understanding in order to reflect on the implications for the psychological clinic. We conclude that symbolic systems vary from one culture to another, is not the genealogy, or inbreeding, which determine the quality of the links, but the place that the individual takes the imaginary, and the circulation of desire, of whom welcomes him in the world. Thus, the traditional family model may be experiencing changes towards new link configurations and each individual can adapt and reinvent itself.(AU)

Congenital anonychia and brachydactyly of the left foot - Cooks syndrome variant: Case report and review of literature.

Cooks syndrome is characterized by familial congenital anonychia or onychodystrophy, hypoplasia or absence of distal phalanges of the hands and feet with brachydactyly of the fifth finger and digitalization of the thumb (triphalangism). It is listed as a “rare disease” by the Office of Rare Diseases of the National Institutes of Health. Here, we report a case of congenital anonychia and brachydactyly of the left foot, which possibly is a variant of Cooks syndrome with a positive family history of similar deformity.

Split-hand/feet malformation in three tamilian families and review of the reports from India.

Split‑hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is a rare condition which can be either syndromic or nonsyndromic. We report three unrelated pedigrees, one with autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance and the other two with autosomal recessive (AR) pattern. We also briefly review the published reports from India.

Genetic polymorphisms of estrogen receptor alpha and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes in Turkish patients with familial prostate carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: Estrogen is one of the most crucial hormones participating in the proliferation and carcinogenesis of the prostate glands. Genetic polymorphisms in the estrogen metabolism pathway might be involved in the risk of prostate carcinoma development. We evaluated the association between genetic polymorphisms in estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and catechol‑O‑methyltransferase (COMT) genes and the risk of developing familial prostate carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 34 cases with prostate carcinoma whose first‑degree relatives had prostate carcinoma and 30 healthy age‑matched male controls were enrolled. The genotypes of ESR1 and COMT genes were analyzed employing polymerase chain reaction‑restriction fragment length polymorphism method. 34 cases with prostate carcinoma, whose first degree relatives had prostate carcinoma and 14 age‑matched male controls were enrolled to analyze the genotype of these two genes. RESULTS: Among control patients, the ESR1 PvuII genotypes of C/C, C/T and T/T were observed in 37%, 26% and 37%, respectively, whereas the C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes were observed in 18%, 41% and 41% of case patients, respectively. Among controls, the ESR1 PvuII allele frequencies of C and T were equally observed, whereas the C and T allele frequencies were observed in 38% and 62% of patients, respectively. Among ESR1 PvuII genotypes there were not any significant difference in terms of genotype (P = 0.199) and allele (P = 0.181) frequencies. Among controls, the ESR1 XbaI genotypes of G/G, G/A and A/A were observed in 33%, 37% and 33%, respectively, whereas the G/G, G/A and A/A genotypes were observed in 12%, 47% and 41% of patients, respectively. Among controls, the ESR1 XbaI allele frequencies of A and G were observed equally, respectively, whereas the A and G frequencies were observed in 65% and 35% of patients, respectively. Among ESR1 × baI, there was not any significant difference in terms of genotype (P = 0.111) and allele (P = 0.093) frequencies. But the C/C genotype of the PvuII site and G/G genotype of the XbaI site in the ESR1 gene were associated significantly with the risk of developing prostate carcinoma. The G/G, G/A and A/A genotypes of the COMT gene were observed in 50%, 29% and 21% of control patients and in 53%, 21% and 26% of case patients, respectively. The A and G allele frequencies of the COMT gene were observed in 36.7%, 63.3% of control patients and in 36.8%, 63.2% of case patients, respectively. In COMT gene, there was not any significant difference in terms of genotype (P = 0.843) and allele (P = 0.991) frequencies. But the G/A genotype of the COMT gene had a weak tendency toward increased risk. CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms of ESR1 gene in the estrogen metabolism pathway were associated significantly with familial prostate carcinoma risk. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of low‑penetrance genes are targets for understanding the genetic susceptibility of familial prostate carcinoma.

Genetic analysis of a family with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Androgen insensitivity causes impaired embryonic sex differentiation leading to developmental failure of normal male external genitalia in 46 XY genetic men. It results from diminished or absent biological actions of androgens, which is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR) in both the embryo and secondary sexual development. Mutations in the AR located on the X chromosome are responsible for the disease. Almost 70% of affected individuals inherit the mutation from their carrier mother. We hereby report a 10‑year‑old girl with all the characteristics of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS). Similar scenario was observed in 3 maternal aunts, Sequencing of the AR gene in all the family members revealed C 2754 to T transition in exon 6. It was concluded that the C 2754 to T transition rendered the AR incapable of both ligand‑binding and activating the transcription and was the cause of CAIS in the patient.

Population based family history analysis of Brahmins in a small town in India for the prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to determine the inheritance pattern of type‑2 diabetes and make stratification for the general population risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was developed for o btaining the family history. Analysis of the data was carried out by using student and Chi‑square tests and for stratification; the guidelines of Scheuner et al. were followed. RESULTS: The pattern of inheritance is the male sex specific (χ² =13.44). The mean age of onset of diabetes in parents was 58.61 ± 2.94 and in offspring 46.75 ± 2.54. In all 47.22 ± 11.53% families were found in high risk and 31.94 ± 10.77% in the moderate risk category. In female diabetics, the onset was in the age range of 41‑60 years. CONCLUSION: We found a high‑risk of diabetes and familial clustering in successive generations of Brahmins with prominent male sex specificity. In females onset of diabetes was coinciding with the period around menopause.

Relaciones vinculares en familias latinoamericanas / Bonding relationships in Latin American families

Este trabajo pretende aportar los resultados de varios años de investigación sobre temas concernientes a la familia en América Latina. Particularmente, desde una perspectiva de género, analizar las relaciones de pareja y su influencia en la socialización de los hijos.Cada momento socio-histórico promueve y sostiene el predominio de determinados valores, ideales y modelos que regulan el funcionamiento de los sujetos y de los grupos, De este modo, cada época construye ciertas formas predominantes de subjetividad, así como modalidades de funcionamiento vincular singulares, con las diferencias que puedan provenir de la pertenencia a diferentes lugares geográficos, razas, religiones, clases sociales.La familia es un sistema, es una organización en la que se juegan relaciones de poder y que funciona como un todo. Así nos preguntamos: ¿los modelos de socialización adoptados por los padres son reproducidos de igual modo por los hijos?

The objective of this paper is to show the results of several years of research on issues concerning the family in Latin America. In particular, from a gender point of view, we analyze couple relationships and their influence on children’s socialization. Each socio-historical time promotes and supports the predominance of certain values, ideals and models that regulate the functioning of individuals and groups.Thus, in each period, certain predominant forms of subjectivity as well as particular bonding functioning styles are built; with the differences that might arise from belonging to different geographical locations, races, religions or social classes. The family is a system, an organization that functions as a whole and in which power relations are at stake. Thus, we ask ourselves: Are the socialization models adopted by parents reproduced by their children in the same way?

Programa de educação de jovens e adultos: da experiência de vida à experiência escolar / Program for youth and adults education (EJA): from life experience to school experience / Programa de educación de jóvenes y adultos (EJA): de la experiencia de vida a la experiencia escolar

Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) está prevista na LDB 9.424/1996 e classificada como parte integrante da Educação Básica, apresentando-se, em muitos casos, como a única alternativa de inclusão social para os alunos que estão fora do sistema de ensino. Vygotsky demonstrou a importância da integração social como fonte do conhecimento e da mediação no processo de aprendizagem. O papel de mediadores pode e deve ser desempenhado pelos pais e professores. Nesta pesquisa qualitativa foram analisadas as características dos alunos da EJA a partir de entrevistas com quatro alunos de uma instituição particular da cidade de São Paulo. Investigando a história de vida familiar e escolar dos alunos e resgatando suas experiências, foi possível referenciá-las com as dificuldades que enfrentam no presente. Os resultados obtidos podem servir para o aperfeiçoamento das práticas pedagógicas e propostas metodológicas dos Programas de EJA, para adequá-las à realidade desse público-alvo.

Education of Youth and Adults (EJA) is defined in LDB 9.424/1996 and classified as part of Basic Education, presented in many cases as the only alternative to social inclusion for pupils out of mainstream education. Vygotsky has shown the importance of social integration as a source of knowledge and mediation in learning processes. Mediators’ role may and must be played by parents and teachers. This qualitative research analyzed features of EJA students via interviews with four pupils from a private institution in São Paulo city. By investigating the family and school life’s history of those pupils as well as recovering their experiences, it was possible to refer them to their present difficulties. Results may be used to improving educational practice and methodological proposals of EJA programs, in order to adequate them to their population reality.

La Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA) es prevista en la LDB 9.424/1996 y clasificada como parte integrante de la Educación Básica y, en muchos casos, es la única alternativa de inclusión social para los estudiantes que se encuentran lejos de lo sistema de enseñanza. Vygotsky ha demostrado la importancia de la integración social como fuente de conocimiento y mediación en el proceso de aprendizaje. El papel de mediadores puede y debe ser desarrollado por los padres y maestros. En esta pesquisa cualitativa fueran analizadas las características de estudiantes de EJA basadas en entrevistas con cuatro alumnos de una institución particular de São Paulo. La investigación de la vida familiar y escolar de los alumnos y el rescate de sus experiencias ha hecho posible referenciarlas a las dificultades vividas en la actualidad. Los resultados pueden servir para perfeccionar las practicas pedagógicas y las propuestas metodológicas de los programas EJA, para adecúalas a la realidad de esta población.

Telling family stories: learning strategies in family care / Contando historias familiares: estrategias de aprendizaje en el cuidado a la familia

OBJECTIVE: To identify how nursing students experience telling their family stories as a learning strategy in family care. METHODS: This was a qualitative and descriptive study, conducted with 18 students (second year, Nursing undergraduate course, Federal University of São Paulo) who participated in four meetings. These were used as an additional resource in formation of family care. Content analysis as proposed by Bardin was used. RESULTS: Three categories emerged: changes in perception and expansion of the concept of family, and redefinition of ties; identification of similarities, beliefs, values, and rituals in family stories; enhancement of active listening as a strategy for family care. CONCLUSION: This study contributed to create new strategies for nursing education in family care so far as students could revise concepts and extend contexts based on stories told by participants.

OBJETIVO: Identificar como os estudantes de enfermagem vivenciam o contar de suas histórias familiares, como estratégia de aprendizagem no cuidado com a família. MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo realizado com 18 estudantes do 2º ano do Curso de graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de São Paulo que participaram de quatro encontros, utilizados como recurso complementar na formação do cuidado com a família. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. RESULTADOS: Emergiram três categorias: mudanças na percepção e ampliação do conceito de família e ressignificação de vínculos; identificação de semelhanças, crenças, valores e rituais nas histórias familiares; valorização da escuta ativa, como uma estratégia do cuidado com família. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo contribuiu para a criação de novas estratégias de formação em enfermagem no cuidado com família à medida que as alunas puderam rever conceitos e ampliar contextos com base nas histórias contadas pelas participantes.

OBJETIVO: Identificar cómo los estudiantes de enfermería vivencian el relato de sus historias familiares, como estrategia de aprendizaje en el cuidado a la familia. MÉTODOS: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo realizado con 18 estudiantes del 2º año del Pregrado en Enfermería de la Universidad Federal de Sao Paulo que participaron de cuatro encuentros, utilizados como recurso complementario en la formación del cuidado a la familia. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido propuesto por Bardin. RESULTADOS: Emergieron tres categorías: cambios en la percepción y ampliación del concepto de familia y resignificación de vínculos; identificación de semejanzas, creencias, valores y rituales en las historias familiares; valorización de la escucha activa, como una estrategia del cuidado a la familia. CONCLUSIÓN: El estudio contribuyó para la creación de nuevas estrategias de formación en enfermería en el cuidado a la familia en la medida que las alumnas pudieran revisar conceptos y ampliar contextos con base en las historias contadas por las participantes.

Psicologia e história: acerca da construção de árvores genealógicas ou como retomar lembranças de família em sociedades de rede / Psychology and history: about building genealogical trees or how to retake family memories in network societies / La psicología y la historia: acerca de construir árboles genealógicos o cómo volver a rodar memorias familiares en sociedades de red

Nesse texto, algumas reflexões de cunho teórico são desenvolvidas a respeito da elaboração de árvores genealógicas, com o intuito de compreender a importância desse objeto representacional na modernidade. Parte-se do pressuposto de que a elaboração de árvores genealógicas pode ser uma forma de narrativa que veicula representações sociais. Através delas as pessoas se reelaboram enquanto sujeitos simbólicos e podem reinventar o sentido de viver em comunidade/s. A discussão é baseada na Teoria das Representações Sociais de Serge Moscovici e no conceito de Sociedade em Rede de Manuel Castells. Constatou-se que o conhecimento do senso comum pode se expandir em direção à psicologia de um modo frutífero quando se articula árvores genealógicas com o genograma. Além do mais, concluiu-se que a elaboração de árvores genealógicas não é necessariamente um ato individualista e de reforço das relações sociais de dominação, mas um modo de resistir ao instituído e uma tentativa de construção/reforço de laços comunitários.

In this text, some theoretical thoughts are developed regarding to the making of genealogy trees, aiming to understand the importance of this representational object. It is assumed that the making of family trees can be a mode of narrative that carries out social representations. Through them people re-elaborate themselves as symbolic subjects and they can reinvent the sense of living in community/ies. The discussion is based on the Theory of Social Representation of Serge Moscovici and on the concept of Network Society of Manuel Castells. It was observed the knowledge of common sense may be expanded into psychology in a fructiferous way whereas articulate genealogy trees within genogram. Furthermore, it was concluded that the making of genealogical trees are not necessarily an individualistic act and a reinforcement of social relations of domination, but a way to resist to the instituting and an effort of construction/reinforcement of community embraces.

En este texto, algunos pensamientos teóricos son desarrollados considerando al hacer de árboles genealógicos, proponiéndose comprender la importancia de este objeto figurativo. Es asumido que el hacer de árboles genealógicas puede ser un modo de narrativa que lleva a cabo representaciones sociales. Por ellos personas re-elaborado a sí mismos como sujetos simbólicos y ellos pueden reinventar el sentido de vivir en comunidad/es. La discusión es basada en la Teoría de Representación Social de Serge Moscovici y en el concepto de la Sociedad Red de Manuel Castells. Fue observado que el conocimiento de sentido común puede ser expandido en dirección de la psicología en una manera productiva que articula árboles genealógicos con lo genograma. Además, fue concluido que el hacer de árboles genealógicos no es necesariamente un acto individualista y un refuerzo de relaciones sociales de dominación, pero una manera de resistir al instituido y un esfuerzo de construcción/refuerzo de los lazos de la comunidad.

Sudden death during sport activities: A malaysian perspective.

This is a retrospective study of sports related deaths on the human bodies brought for autopsy in the last 10 years (from 1995-2005) at University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur. The objective of this study was to know the cause of death, manner of death, ethnicity, food habits, timings of incident, number of cases and other related information like history of metabolic disorders or any other underlying diseases. All cases were analyzed in relation to age, gender, race, causes of death, type of sport activities and victim’s profile. The present study included those subjects who had died either during playing or immediately after it. Our results showed the most common age group affected in such sports related sudden deaths to be ranging between 40 – 49 years and the least affected were between 0 – 9 years of age. Out of 44 cases reanalyzed, 33 were male and1 was female. Among the ethnic group, most of the subjects were Chinese (45.45 %) followed by Malays (20.45%). This study also showed that 80% of the deaths were caused by ischemic heart disease IHD (50%) or coronary heart disease CAD (30%). Deaths were seen to be more in the subjects above 30 years of age which could be associated with the associated risk factors related to ageing. A significant number of deaths were observed while playing badminton and jogging. No serious need for mass screening was felt as the numbers of cases each year were not significant and they were isolated incidents. Although, there are few basic preventive measures like cardiac screening , lipid profile, avoidance of stressful working conditions which can be easily adopted to decrease loss of life. Incidence may decrease with recreational and health maintaining activities, but absolute prevention may still not be possible.

[Epidemiology of colorectal cancer: study the recorded cases in 1379-86]

Colorectal cancer [CRC] is one of the most common cancers worldwide. But information regarding CRC in Iran is limited; the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic features of CRC in Iran, using 6-year data from cancer registry. This survey was a descriptive-analytic study conducted on 1138 colorectal cancer patients who registered in Cancer Registry Center of Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Tehran, Iran. These data were gathered through interview and pathology reports recorded in cancer registry forms. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and univariate methods. Of 1138 patients, 696 cases were male. There was no significant difference between males and females regarding age at diagnosis. 400 patients [35.1%] had a family history of cancer. The most common histology type of tumor was adenocarcinoma, NOS. in most cases [39.1%] tumor grading was well differentiated and there was no significant difference between males and females. Colorectal cancer is a disease with nonspecific symptoms. Family history of cancer was evident in 35.1% of our cases and also 42.9% of patients were below the age of 50 years old, suggesting that genetic factors may play an important role in the development of this disease in our country

Família nuclear e terapia de família: conexões entre duas histórias / Nuclear family and family therapy: conections between two histories

Desenvolver uma história da Terapia de família é minha proposta. Inicio contextualizando o nascimento da família moderna, a partir da história. Assim, considero a estreita relação entre o modelo de família nuclear e a idéia de intervenção terapêutica, própria da modernidade. Esta história é narrada a partir da idéia de família e da intervenção terapêutica, desenvolvendo os questionamentos elaborados, posteriormente, pela Terapia de Família Feminista, pelo Construtivismo e pelo Construcionismo Social. Minuchin (1990a, 1990b; 1991, 1995a, 1995b, 1998) e Andolfi (1980, 1989a, 1989b, 1996, 1998) são citados para discutir o modelo de família nuclear na terapia. Outros autores, como Rampage e Avis (1998) e Anderson e Goolishian (1988), exemplificam a crítica feminista e o movimento pósmoderno na Terapia de família.

My proposal in the present study is to develop a history of Family Therapy. I begin by presenting the origins of the modern family in a historical context, thus taking into account the close relationship between a nuclear family model and the idea of contemporary therapeutic intervention, typical ofmodern times. I begin narrating its history starting from the idea of the family and expert (therapist) interventions, developing questions that were later elaborated by Feminist Family Therapy, by Constructivism and by Social Constructionism. Minuchin and Andolfi are mentioned in the discussion nuclear family model in therapy. Others authors, Rampage, Anderson; Goolishian and Fruggeri, exemplify the feminist criticism and the post modern movement in the history of Family Therapy.